El papel de la OCDE en la creación de asociaciones efectivas.PREFACE
No country should be excluded from reaping the economic advantages offered by our increasingly integrated global economy. The second half of the 20th century was, in economic terms, the most successful in human history. In this period, global incomes rose at an unprecedented speed. Yet, too many economies have not shared in the growing prosperity. The Millennium Declaration and the internationally agreed development goals – adopted originally in 1996 by Development Ministers and Heads of Aid Agencies in the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee – together with the global partnership enshrined in the Monterrey Consensus, affirm all countries’ mutual agreement and obligation to make globalisation work for the common good.
The UN Summit of 2005 provides a reality check halfway between the baseline year of 1990 and the 2015 deadline for achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
Drawing from information provided by the UN system, the OECD, WTO and the
Inter- Parliamentary Union, our global monitoring system informs us that the results of implementation to date are mixed. Overall, we observe reduced incidence of malnutrition among children, some improvement in access to maternal healthcare, and increased primary school enrolment (especially for girls). These represent notable achievements.
However, the current rate of progress is too slow to achieve most of the goals set out in 1996 by the target year of 2015, and regional disparities are striking. The regions most in need of development and poverty reduction are lagging, namely most of Africa and large parts of South Asia. It is of primary concern that half the deaths of children under five are occurring in sub-Saharan Africa and that the numbers of poor and hungry people are rising in this region.
The mixed record of progress halfway to the 2015 target calls for decisive action by all countries and organisations. We need to intensify our efforts to achieve the millennium goals. My message to the Secretary- General of the United Nations, and through him to all UN members, sets out a framework of the responsibilities and role of the OECD and its membership in contributing to the global development partnership needed to achieve the goals. This framework for action to make poverty reduction work is our contribution to the Summit preparations and reflections.
As a grouping of the wealthiest nations, we need to redouble our efforts to secure the fundamentals for growth in our own countries to enable developing countries to prosper, building a peaceful and secure environment for long-term growth. Under politically stable conditions, each developing country can then adopt a reliable macroeconomic framework for growth in which poor people participate. Most OECD members have pledged to increase the volume of their aid up to 2015, as well as to improve the results that this aid achieves through pursuing the commitments expressed in the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness signed by nearly 100 countries in March 2005. We also need to improve the coherence and synergies between development and other government policies, especially by enabling developing countries to access OECD markets and attract business investment. We also need to help mobilise a full range of financing sources – domestic and international – to help attain the MDGs everywhere.
The framework for action on a wide range of policy fronts presented in this booklet fits with the OECD’s mandate as an intergovernmental institution working to improve economic policy making in all areas of government. But even if we succeed in improving our policies and in scaling up the resources available to achieve them, none of our efforts can bear fruit without strengthened institutional and human capacity in our developing country partners. Here is where OECD’s special brand of development partnership, with its networks of policy practitioners, non- negotiating discussion fora, practical tools and “soft law” instruments, can be most effective as we intensify our efforts to achieve the MDGs in all countries.
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